Chlorophenols analytical chemistry

Supported ionic liquid membranes have also found application in analytical chemistry, specifically in the trace determination of toxic substances. Several examples of the application of ionic liquids as liquid membrane in hollow fibre-supported liquid-phase nuCToextraction have been reported [50,51 ]. This technique, combined with high-performance liquid chromatography was used for (he determination of chlorophenols and sulphonamides in environmental water samples. 

Interesting data on the application of microemulsions in analytical chemistry are given in [303]. In recent time, aprotic solvents, such as acetonitrile, have been widely used in titrimetric methods. However, these solvents are toxic, flammable and have a number of merely technical disadvantages such eis high dielectric constant which narrows the number of substances determined. The titration of week acids, such as o-chlorophenol, jo-nitrophenol, decanoic acid, with amines in the form of o/w emulsions containing CTAB and butanol is possible. This section deals only with some aspects of surfactant application in novel technologies, but these applications demonstrate a continuous further development. 

Terashima, C., et al.. Electrochemical Oxidation of Chlorophenols at a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode and Their Determination by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Amperometric Detection. Analytical Chemistry, 2002. 74(4) p. 895-902. 

Data from Trainor TM and Vouros P (1987) Electron capture negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry of deriva-tized chlorophenols and ohioroanilines. Analytical Chemistry 59 601-610. 

Thus far, SPME methods have had only limited success in isolating polar organics (e.g., chlorophenols [30] and formaldehyde [31]) or ions [32,33] from aqueous mixtures. However, the tunable hydrophobicity and multimodal potential interaction chemistries of ILs suggest potential applications in LPME. Further, their high viscosity coupled with their minimal vapor pressure promotes stable droplet formation. Figure 5.2 illustrates the experimental setup for LPME. In addition, analyte recovery can be performed simply by injecting the droplet onto a liquid chromatographic column. 

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