Chlorination, nuclear

The reduction of the C— Br and C—1 group moments from 1.10 and 0.90 in bromo- and iodo-benzene to about 0.80 and 0.50 in 2-bromo- and 2-iodo-thiophene has been ascribed to the larger weight of resonance forms such as (8) and (9) in the thiophene series. The chlorine, nuclear, quadrupole, resonance frequencies of chloro-substituted thiophenes are much higher than those of the corresponding benzene derivatives. This has been ascribed to a relayed inductive effect originating in the polarity of the C—S o-bond in thiophenes. The refractive indices, densities, and surface tension of thiophene, alkyl- and halo-thiophenes, and of some other derivatives have been... 

Values were also reported for the rotational constants, centrifugal distortion constants, and the chlorine nuclear quadrupole coupling constants of the three isotopic species F C1 02, F CF 02, and i F CF 0 0. The molecular dipole moment was found to be 1.722 0.03 D. 

Table 2. Chlorine nuclear quadrupole resonance frequencies of the PtClS complex ion with a variety of monovalent cations...

For fluorine there is little evidence for positive behavior even in the formal sense. In oxygen fluorides the F atom is probably somewhat negative with respect to oxygen whereas in C1F evidence from chlorine nuclear quadrupole coupling shows that the actual charge distribution involves partial positive charge on Cl. 

Gallier, J., Toudic, B., Delugeard, Y., Cailleau, H Gourdji, M Peneau, A. andGuibe, L. (1993). Chlorine-nuclear-quadrupole-resonance study of the neutral-to-ionic transition tetrathiafulvalence-chloranil. Phys. Rev. C, 47,11688-95. [197]... 

Chlorine nuclear quadrupole coupling constants of AgCl... 

A. C. Legon, P. D. Aldrich, and W. H. Flygare,/. Am. Chem. Soc., 104, 1486 (1982). The Rotational Spectrum, Chlorine Nuclear Quadrupole Coupling Constants, and Molecular Geometry of a Hydrogen-Bonded Dimer of Cyclopropane and Hydrogen Chloride. 

Cadmium chloride as catalyst in conversion of dipotassium 1,8-naph-thalenedicarboxylate to 2,6-naph-thalenedicarboxylic acid, 72 Chlorination, nuclear, aluminum chloride as catalyst for, 9 of pyruvic acid by sulfuryl chloride, 54 Chlorine in oxidation of methyl disulfide to methanesulfinyl chloride, 62 3-Chloroacetophenone from aluminum chloride catalyzed chlorination of acetophenone, 10... 

The following expression for the chlorine nuclear quadrupole coupling constant may then be written... 

The chlorine, nuclear, quadrupole, resonance frequencies of chloro-substituted thiophenes are much higher than those of the corresponding benzene derivatives. This has been ascribed to a relayed inductive effect originating in the polarity of the C—S a-bond in thiophenes. ... 

Because of the chlorine nuclear spin I = 3/2, each rotational level with J 2 splits into 4 hfs components with total angular momentum F = J + I. 

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