Chloride anthropogenic influences

In aquatic environments, Spear (1981) spotlights three research needs (1) development of analytical procedures for measurement of individual dissolved zinc species, notably the aquo ion and zinc chloride, and for nondissolved species that occur in natural waters (2) separation of natural from anthropogenic influences of sediment-water interactions on flux rates, with emphasis on anoxic conditions, the role of microorganisms, and the stability of organozinc complexes and (3) establishment of toxicity thresholds for aquatic organisms based on bioaccumulation and survival to determine the critical dose and the critical dose rate, with emphasis on aquatic communities inhabiting locales where zinc is deposited in sediments. These research needs are still valid. 

Furthermore, the marine influence in the region was manifested in several locations by a clear chloride deficit due to the reaction of sea salt with acidic anions like sulfates and nitrates (Kocak et al. 2004a, b Kouyoumdjian and Saliba 2006 Saliba et al. 2007). It has been reported that PMio composition along the Mediterranean coast (i.e. Erdemli, Turkey) contained up to 90% of sea salt and mineral dust, whereas PM2.5 mainly contained anthropogenic pollutants emitted locally and/or transported from neighboring locations (Hassanien and Abdel-Latif 2008 Kocak et al. 2007a, b, 2009). 

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