Chemists Outside the Chemical Societies

This chapter has so far focused on the chemical societies and those chemists who chose to join them. Yet, membership of any of the societies was never a 

One way to explore this is to look at a group of chemists who had the necessary background to join but chose not to do so, that is university chemistry graduates who entered careers in chemistry but did not join any of the societies. The records kept by a number of British universities make it possible to do this, although the differing purposes for which the records were created and the way they have been compiled means that straightforward comparisons are not possible. 

The figures for Edinburgh, Glasgow and UCL are for aU graduates those for the other universities 

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