Chemicals and Direct Application

Bromine. Bromine is highly toxic, but bromine-based compounds are not. However, fire fighting gases, such as halons, exhibit ODP, and lead antiknocks cause soil and air pollution, both being restricted by the Montreal Protocol. Therefore, regulations will be enforced on bromine-based compounds, particularly in developed countries. 

As these species are human carcinogens, the US EPA and the enviromnental agencies in other countries are seeking to limit the use of chlorine in drinking water. In the United States, Canada, and Western Europe, chlorine consumption will decrease as water treatment operations switch to different disinfectant technologies. However, chlorine consumption will increase in less-developed countries as more water treatment plants go in. 

Pulp and Paper Industry. The major issue related to the use of chlorine in the pulp industry is the formation of AOXs during the bleaching sequence with chlorine 

According to the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) London directives, the sale of products are prohibited if the TCDD content is 0.002 mg kg and if any 

Paper presented at the 1999 World Petrochemical Conference, Houston (1999). 

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