Chemical reactions during mixing

However, not mentioning the subject leaves a gap in a book on the mixing of rubber. Therefore, some of the examples will be presented here with an acknowledgement that a thorough coverage of the subject is not intended. 

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Conventional pastes for use in making automotive batteries contain lead oxide in the range of 15-30%, sulfuric acid, water and additives such as fiber and expanders. Such pastes are usually made by adding the sulfuric acid and water to a mixture of lead and lead oxides. As a result of the chemical reaction during mixing, a portion of the lead and PbO is initially converted to lead sulfate (PbS04) and the resultant positive paste becomes a heterogeneous mixture of lead, lead oxide, lead sulfate and basic lead sulfates. 

Analysis of Timescale of Mixing and Chemical Reactions during TPU Polymerization... 

Revisions of the continuous-flow method have been made to allow observations along the length of the flow tube rather than at right angles.5 This method, fast continuous flow, eliminates the dead time during which the reaction cannot be observed. Kinetic data can be extracted to a time resolution of nearly 10 p,s, but the mathematics is more complicated in this limit, because the mixing and chemical reaction occur on the same time scale. Rate constants nearly as large as the diffusion-controlled value have been determined in favorable cases.6... 

Nevertheless, one has to keep in mind that during the complicated processes of the ion-solid interaction mixing or even ion bombardment induced chemical reactions may occur between the components of the islands and the substrate. In general, events following the impact of... 

The rheo cells can easily be replaced by various types of mixers, propellers or paddles (Figure 2.1.10). It is then possible to analyze the temporal evolution of chemical/physical reactions of mixing, demixing and sedimentation of materials in process engineering, e.g., during the mash process or fermentation [28, 29]. The stirring mechanics and speed can be optimized for various materials of different particle sizes and viscosity. 

Two gaseous streams are available for use in carrying out a chemical reaction. The first contains pure A and is produced at a rate of 400 ft3/min. The second contains 50% B (remainder is an inert material) and has a flow rate of 200 ft3/min. These streams are mixed instantaneously and fed to a flow reactor. Both streams are at the same temperature (86 °C) and pressure (1 atm) and these quantities remain unchanged during the instantaneous mixing process. The gases behave ideally. A and B react to form an addition product... 

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