Chemical potential momentum 4-vector

Well-defined products from the chaotic turmoil, which is a chemical reaction, result from a balance between external thermodynamic factors and the internal molecular parameters of chemical potential, electron density and angular momentum. Each of the molecular products, finally separated from the reaction mixture, is a new equilibrium system that balances these internal factors. The composition depends on the chemical potential, the connectivity is determined by electron-density distribution and the shape depends on the alignment of vectors that quenches the orbital angular momentum. The chemical, or quantum, potential at an equilibrium level over the entire molecule, is a measure of the electronegativity of the molecule. This is the parameter that contributes to the activation barrier, should this molecule engage in further chemical activity. Molecular cohesion is a holistic function of the molecular quantum potential that involves all sub-molecular constituents on an equal basis. The practically useful concept of a chemical bond is undefined in such a holistic molecule. 

We now abandon conventional quantum chemical wisdom, and embrace the relativistic theory of electromagetic interactions wholeheartedly. In a singleparticle theory, the interaction between an electron and a vector potential, A(r), is included in the Dirac hamiltonian by modifying the canonical momentum, so that... 

The simplest system in nanoscale may be chosen as a single particle, like an atom or molecule, in a closed space with rigid boundaries. In the absence of chemical reactions, the only processes in which it can participate are transfers of kinetic or potential energy to or from the particle, from or to the walls. The state for this one-particle system is a set of coordinates in a multidimensional space indicating its position and its momentum in various vector directions. 

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