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Chemical cycling of major ions

The total volume of the oceans is 1.37 x 10211 and the annual river discharge to the oceans is 3.6 x 10161 yr1. The residence time of water in the oceans is therefore  [Pg.192]

Applying this approach to the data in Table 6.1, it is straightforward to calculate the residence times of the major ions (Table 1), assuming that  [Pg.192]

1 dissolved salts in rivers are the dominant sources of major ions in seawater  [Pg.192]

The first assumption is probably valid, since the other sources listed in Table 6.2 do not greatly alter the results derived by considering rivers alone. The issue of steady state cannot be verified for very long (millions of years) timescales, but the geological evidence does suggest that the concentration of major ions in seawater has remained broadly constant over very long time periods (Box 6.2). As an example of the residence time calculation, consider sodium (Na+)  [Pg.192]

Input = discharge in rivers x river concentration = 3.6x10- x 0.23 x103 mol yr-  [Pg.192]


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