Chemical bonding molecular orbital

The Nature of Chemical Bonds Molecular Orbital Theory 21... 

Gas-surface interactions and reactions on surfaces play a crucial role in many technologically important areas such as corrosion, adhesion, synthesis of new materials, electrochemistry and heterogeneous catalysis. This chapter aims to describe the interaction of gases with metal surfaces in terms of chemical bonding. Molecular orbital and band structure theory are the basic tools for this. We limit ourselves to metals. 

Atomic Structure The Nucleus Atomic Structure Orbitals 4 Atomic Structure Electron Configurations 6 Development of Chemical Bonding Theory 7 The Nature of Chemical Bonds Valence Bond Theory sp Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Methane 12 sp Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Ethane 13 sp2 Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Ethylene 14 sp Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Acetylene 17 Hybridization of Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur 18 The Nature of Chemical Bonds Molecular Orbital Theory 20 Drawing Chemical Structures 21 Summary 24... 

As holds for other cluster systems, certain magic cluster electron counts exist, which indicates for a certain cluster-halide ratio and interstitial present the filling of all bonding molecular orbitals and therefore the thermodynamically most stable situation. For main group interstitial atoms these are 14 cluster-based electrons whereas for transition-metal interstitials the magic number is 18 [1, 10-12]. All of these phases are synthesized by high-temperature solid-state chemical methods. A remarkable variety of different structure types has been... 

Ethene is chemically more interesting than ethane because of the n system. As you saw in Chapter 5, alkenes can be nucleophiles because the electrons in the n bond are available for donation to an electrophile. But remember that when we combine two atomic orbitals we get two molecular orbitals, from combining the p orbitals either in phase or out of phase. The in-phase combination accounts for the bonding molecular orbital (w), whilst the out-of-phase combination accounts for the antibonding molecular orbital (w ). The shapes of the orbitals as they were introduced in Chapter 4 are shown below, but in this chapter we will also represent them in the form shown in the brown boxes—as the constituent p orbitals. 

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