Chemical biotechnology toolbox

There are three approaches to perform large-scale production of chemicals, intermediates, and pharmaceutical ingredients use a (i) purely chemical strategy, use a (ii) mixed chemoenzymatic route, or use a (iii) purely biotechnological route with a de novo biosynthesis by fermentation or multistep biotransformation [81]. Table 27.6 summarizes the options of the biotechnological toolbox and briefly explains the terms. The biotechnological methods are unmatched in their chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. 

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