Charged ligands balance

Eq. (17) and act in a bidentate fashion. The third charge is balanced by a bidentate nitrate ligand and four DMF ligands complete the 8-coordination. 

Again, we have not included activity corrections, because (both didactically and computationally) these are best added afterwards whenever such corrections are required. The principles involved are the same as those explained in section 4.10 activity corrections apply to the equilibrium constants (such as Kfl, Ksl, and k) but not to the mass and charge balance relations and their derivatives, such as a ligand balance or an electron balance. Furthermore, electrometric measurements must be corrected for activity effects, but spectroscopic measurements should not be. At any rate, as the example of HgS in section 5.4 illustrates, the proper chemistry of including all important species is always far more important than the proper physics of making activity corrections. 

Cd(l) and Cd(2), the Cd-O bond lengths from the pendant alcohol appear typical as do the Cd-N bond lengths. The alcohol arm of the ligand is protonated and the charge is balanced by two PFs anions. 

The chloride ions that appear outside the brackets represent chloride anions that balance the positive charge on the coordination compound. When a coordination compound dissolves in water, the ligands (inside the brackets) remain bound to the metal cation, but the nonligands (outside the brackets) exist as individual ions. These chloride ions precipitate in the presence of silver ions. The chloride ions inside the brackets, which are ligands bonded to the cobalt center, do not precipitate as AgCl. 

A There are six Cl ligands (chloride), each with a charge of 1-. Platinum is the metal ion with an oxidation state of +4. Thus, the complex ion is [PtCl6]2 , and we need two K+ to balance charge K2[PtCl6]... 

The shift of electrons away from the ligand, which is usually induced by the positive charge of the metal, will lead to accelerated nucleophilic attack at the ligand. Since nucleophiles donate electrons they thus act to redress the balance. This effect may well reinforce the neighboring group effect. Some examples of its operation are shown in Table 6.2. All the reactions are second-order. 

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