Hydrocarbon charge

Coke oven charging Hydrocarbons, carbon, coal dust Aspiration systems to draw pollutants into oven, venturi scrubbers... 

See 2-3. Provided /c is above 2 pS/m, charged hydrocarbons such as gasoline contained within grounded, conductive containers or pipe lose charge to ground at a first order (Ohmic) rate governed by the following equations... 

This is one of two articles in this volume concerned with the borane-carborane structural pattern. In the other (see Williams, this volume, p. 67) Williams has shown how the pattern reflects the coordination number preferences of the various atoms involved. The purpose of the present article is to note some bonding implications of the pattern, and to show its relevance to a wide range of other compounds, including metal clusters, metal-hydrocarbon n complexes, and various neutral or charged hydrocarbons. 

Although boranes and hydrocarbons are more notable for their differences than for any similarities, there are several important hydrocarbon systems that adopt structures that conform to the borane pattern (202). They include tnetal-hydrocarbon v complexes, various aromatic systems, and certain other neutral or charged hydrocarbons. Representative examples are listed in Table VII. 

OLAH, GEORGE A. (1927-). Born in Hungary, now an American citizen, he won the Nobel prize for chemistry in 1994 for his work with carbocations. These are positively charged hydrocarbons with lifetimes... 

Vibronic Interactions and Jahn-Teller Effects in Charged Hydrocarbons... 

The simplest, commonly encountered, charged hydrocarbon species is the methyl cation, CH3+. Draw a dot and cross structure of this ion, and suggest a shape for it. 

In catalytic cracking many reactions take place simultaneously. Cracking occurs by C-C bond cleavage of paraffins, dealkylation etc. Isomerization and even condensation reactions take place. These reactions occur via positively charged hydrocarbon ions (carbocations). The nature of the carbocations is the subject of debate. For the cracking of paraffinic hydrocarbons it is usually assumed that carbenium ions are the crucial intermediates, which decompose via beta fission into olefins and (smaller) carbenium ions (see Chapter 4, Section 4.4). A typical reaction mechanism for catalytic cracking (and hydrocracking) imder the relatively mild conditions used in FCC is shown overleaf. 

Scheme 10.1 Negatively charged hydrocarbons acting as electron transfer agents (Paul et al. 1956)...

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