Membranes charge generating

Unlike enzymes or G protein-coupled receptors, the consequence of ion channel activation does not involve the depletion of a substrate or the generation of a product. Rather, when an ion channel opens (or activates), it permits the passive movement of Na+, Ca2+, K+, or CF ions down their electrochemical gradients. By regulating the flow of ionic charges across membranes, activated ion... 

Charge generation, separation, and translocation are the main concern of electrochemistry. To relate these phenomena to membranes, the principal focus of research deals with the mechanisms of reactions through the membrane proper and at, as well as across, the solution-membrane interface. The electrical double layer at the interface plays a crucial role. The reconstituted planar bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) that separates two aqueous solutions was first reported in 1961. The BLM has proven to be an excellent model for biomembranes it permits charge separation and translo-... 

Electro-osmosis is another electrokinetic phenomenon-in which an electric field is applied across a charged porous membrane or a slit of two charged nonporous membranes (see figure IV - 31). Due to the applied potential difference an electric current will flow and water molecules will flow with the ions (electro-osmotic flow) generating a pressure difference. As can be derived from nonequilibrium thermodynamics (sec chapter V) the following equation can be obtained indicating that both phenomena, electro-osmose and streaming potential, are similar... 

Possible Combination of Ion-Pumps and of the Active Glucose Transport Model (Combination of Pumps, Charge Generation and Selective Valve-Membranes)... 

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