Characterization of Membrane Formation

Characterizing polymeric membrane formation processes is particularly challenging since the casting solutions are very thin 100-500 p,m), and many of the functional properties are typically imparted within a few seconds. The ability of UTDR to provide high-resolution, noninvasive, real-time characterization data is particularly advantageous for this application. 

Kools et al. (1998) published the first use of UTDR to study a membrane formation process, namely the evaporative casting of cellulose-acetate from an acetone solution 

MEMBRANE CHARACTERIZATION BY ULTRASONIC TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY 

---