Characterization of composition and purity

Chemical characterization of solids generally involves the characterization of the major phase, which includes the determination of stoichiometry, homogeneity and 

X-ray fluorescence Major and minor constituents 20-200 ppm generally 0.1 ppm with preconcentration 0.1-0.5% 2-10% 

Electron probe microanalysis Homogeneity of major and 0.01-0.1% average 0.5% 

Above with electron energy Minimum detectable Minimum detectable 

AIP (1980) Conference Proceedings No. 64, Laboratory EXAFS Facilities (ed. Stern, E. A.) AIP, New York. 

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