Flow cytometry challenges

In sum, EMPs have emerged as a preferred direct method for assessing EC injury in different disorders. EMP analysis could provide insight into the actual status of the endothelium in vivo by a simple blood analysis. However, there is a need for refinement and standardization of the assay method. Overall, most groups have relied on flow cytometry for the measurement of EMPs nevertheless, other methods such as ELISA are available and may be an option in the future. The main challenge remains in the selection of specific and sensitive monoclonal antibodies that may yield consistent results between different laboratories. In addition, the protocols for sample handling and storage need to be clearly delineated. The assay is still a... 

Owing to its applications in homeland security, sterilization validation, and astrobiology, bacterial spore detection has become a hot field. However, direct detection of bacterial spores can be challenging for the same reasons that make endospores difficult to irradicate. The tough spore coat is impermeable to staining techniques, so most microscopy and flow cytometry methods are not useful. Endospores are also highly resistant to lysis, meaning that common DNA extraction protocols are difficult to perform. The lack of measurable metabolism renders microcalorimetry and cellular respiration techniques ineffective. 

Jones RD, Offutt DM, Longmoor BA. Capture ELISA and flow cytometry methods for toxicologic assessment following immunization and cyclophosphamide challenges in beagles. Toxicol Lett 2000 115 33 4. 

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