Challenge in catalysis

A few decades later in 1968, Halpem formulated the need for new approaches to the activation of C-H bonds with a particular focus on saturated hydrocarbons. C-H bond activation, equated with dissociation of carbon-hydrogen bonds by metal complexes , was identified as one of the most important challenges in catalysis [4]. Perhaps the most influential discovery in this area was made in the late 1960s by Hodges and Garnett, who demonstrated that a homogeneous aqueous so-... 

Nojiri et al. [5] report in a recent review that 250 plants in Japan alone and over 140 plants elsewhere in the world are applying SCR technology today. More detailed aspects of SCR have been dealt with in Chapter 5. Currently, removal of NOx in oxidizing atmospheres, e.g., diesel exhaust gases, circumventing the use ammonia is one of the major challenges in catalysis R D [6,7]. 

The immobilization of homogeneous catalysts is still a challenge in catalysis. This field is not discussed in detail in this article, but a promising result is worth to mention. A PYRPHOS-rhodium(I) complex was embedded at a specific site in a protein (biotin) and used for asymmetric hydrogenation of itaconic acid (243). 

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