Ceramide dihexoside

Hladik, J. and Michalec, C. 1966. Ceramide-monohexosides and ceramide-dihexosides in lipoproteins of the membrane of fat globules in bovine milk. Acta Biol. Med. Germania 16, 696-699. 

Morrison, W. R. and Smith, L. M. 1964. Identification of ceramide monohexoside and ceramide dihexoside in bovine milk. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 84, 759-761. 

Cerebrosides other than sulfatides are decreased ceramide dihexoside sulfate accumulates. 

In the class of the ceramide dihexosides, two types have been isolated a ceramide in glycosidic conjugation with (a) an O-D-galacto-pyranosyl-(l — 4)-/3-D-galactopyranosyl group,85 and (b) a 4-0-/3-D-galactopyranosyl-j8-D-glucopyranosyl residue.88... 

Recent studies from our group demonstrate that phytoceramide can be alternatively glycosylated to finally form ceramide dihexosides [87]. These results reveal that phytoceramides in fungi can be modified to generate unconventional GSLs, which agrees with previous reports [88]. 

Yamakawa, T., Kiso, N., Handa, S., Makita, A. Yokoyama, S. (1962) On the Structure of Brain Cerebroside Sulfuric Ester and Ceramide Dihexoside of Erythrocytes , Journal of Biochemistry (Tokyo), 52, 226-7... 

Ceramide dihexosides, mainly ceramide lactoside, have been isolated from spleen (Klenk 1942) and from erythrocytes (Rapport et al. 1962 Makita et al. 1962). A ceramide digalactoside accumulates in the kidney of patients with Fabry s disease (Sweeley 1963) this is accompanied by a ceramide galactosyllactoside with the following structure expressed by short hand nomenclature ... 

Biochemistry of organ glycolipids. III. The structures of human kidney cerebroside sulfuric ester, ceramide dihexoside and ceramide trihexoside. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 66,365 (1964). 

Yamakawa, T., N. Kiso, S. Hand a, A. Makita, and S. Yokoyama On the structure of brain cerebroside sulfuric ester and ceramide dihexoside of erythrocytes. J. Biochem. 62, 226 (1962). 

SwEELEY and Klionsky (1963, 1964, 1966) isolated from organs of ACD patients two glycolipids, which they identified as ceramide-dihexoside and ceramide-trihexoside. Their findings confirmed the assumption of Ruiter et al. (1947) who suggested classification of ACD as a lipid storage disease. They did not confirm the postulate that the stored material was a phospholipid. 

Emura, C., Higuchi, R., and Miyamoto, T. (2005) Amphimelibiosides A-F, six new ceramides dihexosides isolated from a Japanese marine sponge Amphimedon sp.J. Org. Chem., 70, 3031-3038. 

---