Ceramics from sol-gel oxide powders

In the ceramic industry, sol-gel powders find applications when high-performance materials are required. They are also especially used for ceramics that present difficulties in obtaining well-sintered bodies either evaporation of some components or poor sintering ability. Sintering time and temperature can be significantly reduced with powders having narrow particle size distribution. 

As already mentioned by Sakka in the Preface of the Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology published in 2005 [12], the first apphcation of the sol-gel oxide powders for obtaining dense ceramics was published by Brown and Mazdiyasni already in the early 1970 and was referred to as the preparation of ferroelectric ceramics [21], 

The first review of sintered ceramics obtained starting with sol-gel oxide powders was presented by Devi and Ganguli in a devoted chapter in the same handbook [22]. The review referred to ceramics derived from pure and doped single oxides, pure and doped binary oxides, multicomponent oxides, and composites. 

The ceramics derived from pure and doped binary oxides mentioned in the same survey were lead titanate (PT) [47], lead titanate zirconate (PZT) [48,49], La and Li co-doped PZT [50], doped and undoped lanthammi and yttrium chromite [51-53], yttrium aluminum garnet [54-56], zirconiiun sihcate [57,58], and aluminum titanate [59,60]. 

As ceramics based on multicomponent oxides, the following systems were taken into consideration calcium titanosilicate [61], strontium bismuth tantalate [62], barium magnesium tantalite [63], sodium cobalt oxide [64], and muUite [65-78]. 

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