Ceramics experimental setup

An experiment with a dilute ceramic suspension was made as follows A very small quantity of silicon carbide particles (d 6 /xm) was dissolved in silicon oil ( 350mPas). The suspension was pumped at high pressure through a glass capillary (d = 0.6 mm). The experimental setup is shown in Fig. 3. The velocities of the silicon carbide particles in the capillary are detected by an optical sensor. From these data, the statistics of the particles velocities is calculated. Due to the optical properties of the sensor, the particles are only detected in a wedge-like sector of the cross-section of the capillary. The measured velocity distribution of the particles (Fig. 4) depends on the shape of this sector and, additionally, on the measuring tolerances of the sensor. 

The experimental setup for kinetic electrochemical promotion studies is shown schematically in Fig. la. The electrically conductive working catalyst electrode, usually in the form of a porous film 3-20 im in thickness with a roughness factor 3 to 500 [9,14,15] is deposited on the surface of a ceramic solid electrolyte (e.g. Y203-stabilized-Zr02 (YSZ), an... 

Figure 2. Schematic drawing of experimental setups used for the measurements of oxygen permeation and e.m.f. (left), and long-term testing under SOFC operation conditions (right). All electrochemical cells are made of YSZ ceramics.

Fig. 9.15 Experimental setup of the mode-locked Nd BZMT ceramic laser. Reproduced with permission from [121]. Cop5orght 2011, Elsevier...

Fig. 9.30 Experimental setup for the tunable Yb YAG ceramic laser. LD fiber-coupled diode laser, LI, L2 focusing lenses, DM flat dichroic mirror, M a concave mirror (ROC = 250 mm), and OC output coupler. Reproduced with permission from [209]. Copyright 2008, Elsevier...

Figure 10.13 shows experimental setup for the optical characteristic measurement of PMNT ceramics [133]. The size of PMN-PT ceramic sample was 5 mm X 2 mm x 1 mm for length x width x thickness. Ti/Pt/Au layers were sputtered on both surfaces of the ceramics as electrodes. Two collimators were used to collimate the incident beam and receive the transmission beam. The output beam was detected by using an optical spectrometer and phase demodulation. Because the PMN-PT electro-optic ceramics have a large refractive index, i.e., n = 2.465, the ceramic samples could be considered as a Fabry-Perot (FP) resonator, which can be used to measure the electric hysteresis and thermo-optic coefficient. The applied voltage generated a transverse electro-optic effect for the transmission light beam. 

Experimental Setup for ELID Centerless Grinding of Zirconia Ceramics... 

Figure 8.1 shows the schematic of the experimental setup. Three ceramic workpieces touch the lapping plate on their bottom surfaces and the load on their top surfaces. The workpieces are held in place by a slotted disk that is fixed at the bottom of the load using a piece of double stick tape. The AE sensor is installed on an arm and immersed directly in a few drops of oil put in the... 

Lapping experiments were carried out on a Lapmaster International Model 12C lapping machine that has a DC variable speed motor, which spins a 300 mm plate over a range of 0-60 rpm. The experimental setup is illustrated in Figure 10.1. Ceramic workpieces (rings with 0.5" ID, 0.8" OD, and 0.2"... 

Figure 2.1,3 Illustration of experimental setup when an oxygen-conductive ceramic (LSCMN or LSGM) is used as an oxygen-transmitting anode. NiO powder on the Ni cathodic tray was suspended by an AI2OJ sheath and isolated from the anode...

Traditional dielectric analysis of highly resistive materials, such as ceramics, plastics, polymers, and colloids, is frequently more concerned with purely bulk-material effects and often relies on non-electrochemical analysis methods, such as modulation of the sample temperature (Chapter 1). In addition, the temperature effects on bulk-solution conductivity values must be considered in any experimental setup. Most referenced solution conductivities are measured and reported at room temperature, and for a standard laboratory aqueous-solution analysis this information is appropriate to consider as the first approximation. However, the bulk-solution conductivity a of aqueous media increases at 2% per degree °C as the result of decrease in viscosity of water with increase in the temperature [1, p. 17]. 

Which of these techniques are most likely, in my estimation, to be applicable to ceramic matrix composites Ultrasonics or acoustic emission evaluation techniques are adaptable for high temperatures if high temperature coupling materials can be used. The other techniques do not appear to be immediately applicable, even to monolithic ceramics. Laser holography has been shown to be useful in determining displacements and deflections in turbine airfoils.28 For experimental laboratory setups, the use of such equipment is relatively direct but the most likely drawback for in-service conditions is the size and placement of lasers and detectors compared to the available space and design. Some creative engineering will be required here in order to utilize these kinds of techniques. 

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