Central nervous system apoptosis

DeBiasi RL, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Richardson-Burns S, Tyler KL (2002) Central nervous system apoptosis in human herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus encephalitis. J Infect Dis 186 1547-1557. 

Phytosterols have been demonstrated as being anti-cancer components in the diet (Awad and Fink 2000). Scientific studies indicate that phytosterols may offer profection against colon, breast and prostate cancers (Vanderhaeghe and Bouic, 2000). The possible mechanisms, as reported by these authors, include the effect of phytosterols on membrane structure and function and on the signal transduction pathways that regulate tumor growth and apoptosis. The rice bran derived phytosterol-cycloartenol-ferulic acid ester on the central nervous system has been studied by Hiraga et al. (1993). 

Fig. 3.8 Protection of central nervous system (CNS) dopaminergic neurons from 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis by 8. Untreated top), 6-OHDA plus vehicle treatment middle) and 6-OHDA plus 250 pM 8 down) were stained with anti-tyrosine hydrolase antibody. The number of TH-immunoreactive cells clustered in dienecephalons was examined (arrows). After 250 pM 8 treatment, three of five animals showed a normal number of TH-immunoreactive cells with normal morphology (Reprinted from Beuerle, 2007. With friendly permission of Taylor Francis, http //www.informaworld.com)...

Pompeiano, M., Blaschke, A.J., Flavell, R.A., Srinivasan, A., Chun, J. (2000). Decreased apoptosis in proliferative and postmitotic regions of the Caspase 3-deficient embryonic central nervous system. J Comp Neurol, 423, 1-12. 

Loo DT, Copani A, Pike CJ, Whittemore ER, Walencewicz AJ, Cotman CW. Apoptosis is induced by beta-amyloid in cultured central nervous system neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993 90(17) 7951-7955. 

Umehara F, Nakamura A, Izumo S, Kubota R, Ijichi S, Kashio N, Hashimoto K, Usuku K, Sato E, Osame M (1994b) Apoptosis of T lymphocytes in the spinal cord lesions in HTLV-I-associated myelopathy A possible mechanism to control viral infection in the central nervous system. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 53 617-624. 

Commercially available P. ginseng products have been reported to have stimulant effects on the central nervous system (CNS) in humans (34) (see Section 5). In animal models, ginseng extracts have been shown to have CNS-stimulant effects (35). Ginsenoside Rgl inhibits neuronal apoptosis in vitro (35), and ginsenoside Rbl reverses short-term memory loss in rats (4). 

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