Centigrade scale

Fahrenheit or Centigrade scales. The absolute Fahrenheit scale is called Rankine and the absolute Centigrade is called Kelvin. For conversion ... 

There are great advantages to an absolute temperature scale that has its zero point at — 273°C. Whereas the zero of temperature in the Centigrade scale is based upon an arbitrary temperature, selected because it is easily measured, the zero point of the absolute scale has inherent significance in the kinetic theory. If we express temperatures on an absolute temperature scale, we find that the volume of a fixed amount of gas (at constant pressure) varies directly with temperature Also, the pressure of a fixed amount of (at constant volume) varies directly with temperature. And, according to the kinetic theory, the kinetic energy of the molecules varies directly with the absolute temperature. For these reasons, in dealing with gas relations, we shall usually express temperature on an absolute temperature scale. 

Make a table that contrasts the melting points and boiling points of LiF, Li, and F°, expressing the temperatures on the Centigrade scale. 

Any instrument which can be used for measuring temperatures is called a thermometer. Thermometers may be, and are, constructed which utilise any property of a body such as those mentioned above. To evade the difficulty of comparison of scales, they are usually all referred to a gas thermometer, with Centigrade scale as standard. The ice and steam-points on the latter are taken as 0° and 100° respectively. 

Hypothesize about why the Celsius temperature scale was previously called the Centigrade scale. 

Celsius (°C) A scale for measuring temperatures, also known as the centigrade scale, where the freezing point of water is 0°C and the boiling point 100°C. cement A natural or artificial fluid or semifluid substance, or mixture of substances, that hardens to act as an adhesive for binding solid surfaces together, cement, hydraulic A type of waterproof stony cement that sets even under water see pozzolana. 

A scale of temperature in which the interval between freezing point and boiling point of water is divided into one hundred degrees. This scale therefore came to be known as the centigrade scale, although the official designation is Celsius. Centrifuge... 

The centigrade scale was first proposed in 1694 by Renaldi. Centi is a Latin prefix meaning hundred. ... 

Scale of temperature. With a few exceptions all tepiperatures recorded in this book are on the Centigrade scale, and, for convenience, temperatures on the Centigrade scale are indicated by a numeral and degree mark without the letter C, as 18°. 

Different empirical temperature scales will naturally differ from each other except at the respective fixed thermometnc points, Even different scales of the same type (say different Centigrade scales) will differ at all temperatures, except the steam point and ice point, depending on the fortuitous properties of the system chosen as a thermometer. It is, therefore, necessary to remove these differences and to obtain a more universal scale. This has been achieved in two ways. The practical way of achieving uniformity is to lay down detailed rules concerning the thermometer (actually different thermometers depending on the range of temperatures to be measured). Such rules have been agreed on internationally and... 

It is important to consider what happens when the substance or property employed is changed. For example, for a liquid in glass thermometer (using the Centigrade scale) ... 

On the Celsius (or centigrade) scale, a temperature difference of 1°C is 1 K (exactly). The normal boiling point of water is 100°C, the normal freezing point 0°C, and absolute zero -273.15°C. On the Fahrenheit scale, a temperature difference of 1°F is 5/9 K (exactly). The boiling point and freezing point of water, and absolute zero are 212°F, 32°F and -459.67°F, respectively. Conversions from one temperature scale to another make use of the following equations ... 

Temperature scales such as the centigrade scale discussed in Chapter 1 are quite arbitrary, requiring a choice of two calibration points and the material and property used to interpolate between them. We saw that we could alternatively use a single-calibration-point scale based on a broad class of materials—the ideal... 

In 1742 Anders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, developed the mercury centigrade thermometer. He chose the boiling and freezing points of water as calibration points. Curiously, he chose 0° for the high temperature and 100° for the low temperature. His choices were reversed in 1850 by Marten Stromer, also a Swedish astronomer. In 1948 the centigrade scale was officially renamed the Celsius scale. 

For quantitative measurements, it is necessary to set up some kind of a scale on which numerical values can be assigned to r. Many such scales are in use one which is particularly convenient is the so-called Celsius or centigrade scale, for which r - 0 when ice at atmospheric pressure is equilibrated with water, and for which r - 100 when water is in equilibrium with steam under a total pressure of one atmosphere. The unit interval in r is termed the degree Celsius (°C). If now V0, V100, and V represent the volume of the gas thermometer in equilibrium with a system at r - 0, r - 100, and r, respectively (when the pressure of the gas thermometer is fixed at some arbitrary, low value), then r is measured by... 

Celsius scale (2.6) centigrade scale (2.6) coefficient (2.2) conversion factor (2.1) cubic meter (2.3) density (2.5)... 

I. Convert into Fahrenheit readings the following readings on the centigrade scale —... 

Celsius (or centigrade) scale Tf is assigned a value of 0°C, and 7 b is assigned a value of 100°C Absolute zero (theoretically the lowest temperature attainable in nature) on this scale falls at -273.15 "C. 

---