Cell , biological phase diagram

Treffry, T. Sheth, B., "Gravimetric Analysis of Phase Systems Using a Microwave Oven and the Rapid Determination of Phase Diagrams," Separation Using Aqueous Phase Systems. Applications in Cell Biology and Biotechnology., Plenum Press, New York, NY, (1989). 

Tolstoguzov, V.B. (2000). Compositions and phase diagrams for aqueous systems based on proteins and polysaccharides. In H. Walter, D.E. Brooks, and P.A. Srere (Eds.), Micro-compartmentation and Phase Separation in Cytoplasm A Survey of Cell Biology. International Review of Cytology, Vol. 192. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 3-31. 

The MIT Biology Hypertextbook, developed by the Experimental Smdy Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, provides bacl round information on the biology of cells and nucleic acids. Mitosis, a section within Cell Biology, prowdes descriptions and diagrams of the phases of the cell cycle. 

Fig. 5. Tentative mixed potential model for the sodium-potassium pump in biological membranes the vertical lines symbolyze the surface of the ATP-ase and at the same time the ordinate of the virtual current-voltage curves on either side resulting in different Evans-diagrams. The scale of the absolute potential difference between the ATP-ase and the solution phase is indicated in the upper left comer of the figure. On each side of the enzyme a mixed potential (= circle) between Na+, K+ and also other ions (i.e. Ca2+ ) is established, resulting in a transmembrane potential of around — 60 mV. This number is not essential it is also possible that this value is established by a passive diffusion of mainly K+-ions out of the cell at a different location. This would mean that the electric field across the cell-membranes is not uniformly distributed.

An On-Line Biology Book, by M. J. Farabee, includes a chapter on Cell Division Binary Fission and Mitosis. This chapter describes the phases of the cell cycle and provides background information on cell-cycle regulation. Several diagrams are included and links to related Web resources are available. 

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