Cavity fields temperature fluctuations

The emission from an individnal CNT can constitnte as a point emitter [111-114]. CNTs exhibit significantly better emission stability than current tnngsten-based field emitter, and this stability can be achieved at a moderate temperature rather than at room temperatnre. A CNT-based point electron emitter was fabricated nsing cavity-confined dielectrophoresis by Lim et al. [114] for which the emission current of an individnal MWCNT was stable np to 10 pA and reached 2 mA (1.7 x 10 A/cm ). At a low electric field, the current fluctuated in a stepwise manner. At higher current emission, the stability was interfered with plateau-like fluctuations that are associated with fleld-indnced unraveling and Joule heating of the cap structures of MWCNTs. 

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