Causal connection

Vance, W., Arkin, A., and Ross, J., Determination of causal connectivities of species in reaction networks, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 99, 5816, 2002. 

Kapur S. 5-HT2 antagonism and EPS benefits is there a causal connection Psychopharmacology 1996 124 35-39. 

Wirshing W, Van Putten T, Rosenberg J, et al. Fluoxetine, akathisia and suicidality is there a causal connection [Letter] Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992 49 580-581. 

These human medical problems do not necessarily spell disaster—most skin cancers can be cured, eye damage can often be corrected, and we may come to regard the dry, wrinkled skin of a former tanning enthusiast as beautiful. However, the great unknown factor is the effect of increased UV-B and UV-C exposure on ecosystems at large. Already, it is a matter of common experience worldwide that frogs and other amphibians have suddenly become scarce although no causal connection with ozone layer... 

Can a causal connection be shown among molecular self-reproduction, selection, and evolution ... 

Leonard B. E. and Myint A. (2006). Inflammation and depression Is there a causal connection with dementia Neurotox. Res. 10 149-160. 

As mentioned previously, the causal connection between sleep difficulties and anxiety disorders are often impossible to determine in the clinical domain. The evaluation and treatment of sleep-specific pathologies may be as important as the evaluation and treatment of the anxiety disorders in these cases. Since hyperarousal is a common factor associated with both anxiety and sleep disturbances, the treatments for sleep problems are often similar to those targeting the reduction of worry, tension, and other manifestations of anxiety [73,74], However, treatments have also been developed to target specific aspects of certain anxiety disorders or sleep pathologies. 

The toxicity and safety of aspartame, especially a reputed causal connection with an increased incidence of brain tumors about the time that aspartame was approved (1981], has received much attention in the popular press. A FDA discussion paper (T96-75, November 1996) on the topic can be found at http //vm.cfsan.fda.gov/ kd/tpaspart.html. This discussion paper refutes the association, chiefly on the grounds that the incidence of brain and CNS tumors began its rise in 1973, well before the introduction of aspartame. Since 1985, the incidence of brain tumors has in fact been increasing at a slower rate. The incidence peaked in about 1991 and has declined slightly since then. 

During inflation, the physical size of the observable universe is almost constant, dirji (i f rjf. However, between the beginning and the end of inflation, the physical distance of two comoving objects has grown of a factor o//ai. Therefore the size of a region which was causally connected at the beginning of inflation is VifF- In order to solve the horizon problem, one therefore need to impose that... 

If the trend continues—substances negative by mutation criteria being negative also for SCEs--then the simplicity and low cost of the test would argue for its inclusion in the battery of recommended tests. A demonstration of a causal connection between SCE and mutation would also justify inclusion. 

We showed that this dynamic behavior originates, in effect, from the large discrepancies between the flow rates of the different material streams in the process (captured by the recycle and purge numbers), thereby establishing a clear and causal connection between the steady-state design and the dynamic response of an integrated process. 

A) A language user cannot refer to a certain thing unless the user stands in the right sort of causal connection to it. 111... 

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