Cathode electrocatalysts platinum monolayer

E25.17 Electrocatalysts are compounds that are capable of reducing the kinetic barrier for electrochemical reactions (barrier known as overpotential). While platinum is the most efficient electrocatalyst for accelerating oxygen reduction at the fuel cell cathode, it is expensive (recall Section 25.18 Electrocatalysis). Current research is focused on the efficiency of a platinum monolayer by placing it on a stable metal or alloy clusters your book mentions the use of the alloy PtsN. An example would be a platinum monolayer fuel-cell anode electrocatalyst, which consists of ruthenium nanoparticles with a sub-monolayer of platinum. Other areas of research include using tethered metalloporphyrin complexes for oxygen activation and subsequent reduction. 

Sasaki K, Naohara H, Cai Y, Choi YM, Liu P, Vukmirovic MB, Wang JX, Adzic RR (2010) Core-protected platinum monolayer shell high stability electrocatalysts for fuel-cell cathodes. Angew Chem Int Ed 49 1-7... 

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