Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin

The second-most studied bimetallic catalyst is sulfided NiMo/Al Oj. An NiMo/ AljOj (Ni 3 wt %, 15 wt % Mo) catalyst converts guaiacol to benzene and toluene as major products [82], Since benzene and toluene are oxygen-free, these products are preferred over phenol and catechol, making this a more attractive catalytic system. 

FIGURE 9.12 Volcano plot of the C-O hydrogenolysis activities for MMo/alumina relative to CoMo/alumina [93] 

Thus far, this section has focused on the use of solid catalysts for upgrading lignin and lignin model compounds, but the use of unsupported (or homogeneous) catalysts can provide much needed insight into catalyst structure-property relationships and can lead to enhanced catalyst development. 

FIGURE 9.13 Catalytic cleavage of P-O-4 linkers for production of biofuels. 

Overall, the catalyst is one of the most important aspects of current chemicals and fuels processing. Industries have become dependent on the development of new and improved catalysts. Many catalyst improvements have helped processes become greener, less energy-intensive, faster, selective, and more cost-effective. It could be suggested that catalysts wiU show a similar trend in biofuels processes. With continued focus on catalyst development for energy and fuels, the concept of energy independence may become possible. 

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