Catalyst additives control technology levels

A typical medium-size refinery has hundreds of pumps, heat exchangers and drums dozens of furnaces, compressors, and high temperature/high pressure reactors and thousands of control loops and associated advanced computer control technologies. This same typical refinery has dozens of different crudes and other feedstocks to choose from and dozens of products to maximize or minimize based on consumer demands and global market-place economics. In addition to daily decisions about feedstocks and products, there are also hundreds of decisions to be made each day about operahng temperatures, pressures, unit feed rates, catalyst addition rates, cycle times, dishllation cut points, product sjjedfications, inventory levels, etc. 

When the gas oil feed contains significant residue, it is necessary to control carefully the level of metal impurity on the eqrrilibrirrm catalyst The various metal passivation technologies introduced and the other additives used can affect the imit operation and this must also be taken into accormt... 

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