Electrocatalysis and catalysis

Since 1976 until present time Toshima-t5q)e nanocolloids always had a major impact on catalysis and electrocatalysis at nanoparticle surfaces [47,210-213,398-407]. The main advantages of these products lie in the efficient control of the inner structure and morphology especially of bimetallic and even multimetallic catalyst systems. 

T. Teranishi, N. Toshima, in A. Woekowski, E. R. Savinova, C. G. Vayenas (eds.). Catalysis and Electrocatalysis at Nanoparticle Surfaces, Marcel Dekker, New York, 2003. 

Koper MTM, van Santen RA, Neurock M. 2003. Theory and modeling of catalytic and electro-catalytic reactions. In Savinova ER, Vayenas CG, Wieckowski A, eds. Catalysis and Electrocatalysis at Nanoparticle Surfaces. New York Marcel Dekker. pp. 1-34. 

The dominance of surface defects over terrace sites in catalysis and electrocatalysis had been recognized already in the early stages of surface science. For example,... 

Tarasevich M.R., Radyushkina K.A. Catalysis and Electrocatalysis with Metalporphyrins (in Russian). M. Nauka, 1982, 168p. 

The transfer of single electrons is observed on the current-potential dependence as a sequence of steps. This shows that clusters behave as redox reactants. There are many applications of gold clusters in various fields, such as preparation of new materials, electronics, heterogeneous catalysis and electrocatalysis, biosensors and others. 

In the light of common parallelisms between catalysis and electrocatalysis, it is interesting to note that Co and Mo are used in catalytic processes of hydrodesulfurization [450], The activity of sulfide electrodes changes with time [439, 442, 446]. Normally, there is an initial period during which the overpotential decreases, then it increases again or levels off at a constant activity. The initial improvement is interpreted in various ways but it is generally attributed to some stabilization of the electrode surface (Fig. 23). It seems that a hydride phase is formed initially [442],... 

Jaksic, M.M. (2001) Hypo-hyper-d-electronic interactive nature of interionic synergism in catalysis and electrocatalysis for hydrogen reactions. Int.J. Hydr. Energy,... 

To assess the generality of the decomposition solution method we have applied it to several arbitrary reaction orders, for example, n = 1.73, 0.67, -0.5, -1.0 etc.10,11 These reaction orders have been chosen to represent typical cases of kinetics in heterogeneous catalysis and electrocatalysis where adsorption phenomena play a major role. Values of effectiveness of a plane catalyst pellet for the different reaction orders are shown in Figure 5. Clearly all of the data for positive reaction orders show the expected trend of a decrease in effectiveness with increase in Thiele modulus. Effectiveness values determined for reaction... 

Alonso-Vante N. In Catalysis and Electrocatalysis at Nanoparticle Surfaces, A. Wiekowski, K. Vayenas and E. Savinova (Eds.), Marcel Dekker, in press. 

Alonso-Vante, N. In Catalysis and Electrocatalysis at Nanoparticle Surfaces, ... 

Surface-bound methoxy, CH3O, is an intermediate in a variety of surface processes in catalysis and electrocatalysis involving methanol. The chemistry of methoxy on Pt(lll) and the Sn-alloys had been elusive because of the difficulty of cleanly preparing adsorbed layers of methoxy. One approach is to use the thermal dissociation of an adsorbed precursor, methyl nitrite (CH O-NO), to produce methoxy species on such surfaces at temperatures lower than required for methoxy formation from methanol [58, 59]. The methoxy intermediate is strongly stabilized (to 300 K) against thermal decomposition on both Sn/Pt(lll) alloys, whereas on Pt(lll), dissociation occurs below 140 K. There is a high selectivity to formaldehyde, CHjO, on both alloys, i.e., methoxy disproportionates to make equal amounts of formaldehyde and methanol. The two Sn/Pt(lll) alloys do not form CO and products characteristic of methoxy decomposition on Pt(l 11). 

Markovic NM, Radmilovic V, Ross PN (2003) In Wieckowski A, Savinova E, Vayenas C (eds) Catalysis and electrocatalysis at nanoparticle surfaces. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 311-342... 

---