Cascade atomization and drop breakup

F.X. Tanner. Development and validation of a cascade atomization and drop breakup model for high-velocity dense sprays. Atomization and Sprays, 14(3) 211-242, 2004. 

Drop breakup enters the spray equation via the source term/bu in (19.45). There are various ways of accounting for drop breakup, most of which are also used for a rudimentary description of the atomization process. Some of these approaches are discussed in more detail in Chap. 9, and include the TAB model of O Rourke and Amsden [37], the Wave Breakup model of Reitz and coworkers [46, 40], the Unified Spray Breakup model of Chryssakis and Assanis [10], and the Cascade Atomization and Drop Breakup model of Tanner [54]. 

Tanner FX (2004) Development and Validation of a Cascade Atomization and Drop Breakup Model fa- High-Velocity Dense Sprays. Atomization Sprays 14(3) 211-242... 

When modeling high Weber number secondary atomization, the probability of breakup is first applied to a parent drop of the size of the nozzle diameter. Once the first daughter drop(s) is(are) formed, time is reinitialized and the daughter drop becomes a parent drop (with the probability for second daughter drop breakup independent of the original parent drop size). This breakup cascade occurs until the drop critical radius (a function of the local Weber number) is reached. 

Tanner, F.X. and Weisser, G. (1998) Simulation of liquid jet atomization for fuel sprays by means of cascade drop breakup model. SAE Paper 980808. 

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