Carrot puree study

The food systems studied were salty carrots and salty beef cubes processed in the CRAMTD Food Manufacturing Facility at Rutgers University (Piscataway, NJ) and carrot puree. Salty carrots were prepared by placing 92 g carrot cubes per pouch with 135 g brine solution per pouch (0.86% final salt concentration). Salty beef cubes... 

In systems where several carotenoids are involved, the absorption of each carotenoid is governed by interactions among them carotenoids compete for absorption (Furr and Clark 1997). For example, (3-carotene supplementation reduced absorption of dietary lutein and lycopene in humans (Micozzi and others 1992). Tyssandier and others (2002) found that the absorption of dietary lycopene was reduced when a portion of spinach or pills of lutein were additionally administered to the volunteers. Similarly, the absorption of dietary lutein was reduced by consumption of tomato puree or lycopene pills (Tyssandier and others 2002). Furusho and others (2000) demonstrated that liver retinol accumulation in Wistar rats was significantly reduced when a fixed amount of (3-carotene was replaced by a mixture of (3- and a-carotene, suggesting that each one of these carotenoids mutually inhibits the utilization of the other. The proportion of (3-and a-carotene in the mixture used in that study (Furusho and others 2000) simulated that of carrots. 

Triketides are relatively rare. Triacetic acid lactone (4.2) has been detected in Penicillium patulum. It is also produced by fatty acid synthase in the absence of the reductant NADPH. Radicinin (4.3) is a major phytotoxin isolated from Ahernaria radicina (Stemphyllium radicinum) which causes a black rot of carrots. It is also formed by other Ahernaria species. Its pyrano[4,3- ]pyran structure, the identification of which had eluded purely chemical degradative studies, was established in one of the earlier applications of NMR spectroscopy to natural product structure elucidation. The biosynthesis of radicinin from acetate units was studied in 1970 by both radio-isotope methods using carbon-14 and by carbon-13 enrichment studies with NMR methods of detection. This was one of the first applications of this NMR technique to biosynthetic problems. These results established the labelling pattern for radicinin shown in 4.3. 

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