Carraway

A range of chlorinated ethanes has been examined and several transformations were observed (Song and Carraway 2005). 

Song H, ER Carraway (2005) Reduction of chlorinated ethanes by nanosized zero-valent iron kinetics, pathways, and effect of reaction conditions. Environ Sci Technol 39 6237-6245. 

DiFiglia M, Sapp E, Chase K, Schwarz C, Meloni A, Young C, Martin E, Von-sattel JP, Carraway R, Reeves SA et al. Neuron 1995 14 1075-1081. 

There are some side reactions that may occur when using EDC with proteins. In addition to reacting with carboxylates, EDC itself can form a stable complex with exposed sulfhydryl groups (Carraway and Triplett, 1970). Tyrosine residues can react with EDC, most likely through the phe-nolate ionized form of its side chain (Carraway and Koshland, 1968). The imidazolyl group of histidine may react with sulfo-NHS esters, resulting in an active carbonyl imidazole group which subsequently hydrolyzes (Cuatrecasas and Parikh, 1972). Finally, EDC may promote unwanted polymerization due to the usual abundance of both amines and carboxylates on protein molecules. 

Carraway, K.L., and Koshland Jr, D.E (1968) Reaction of tyrosine residues in proteins with carbodiimide reagents. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 160, 272-274. 

Carraway, K.L., and Triplett, R.B. (1970) Reaction of carbodiimides with protein sulfhydryl groups. Biocbim. Biophys. Acta 200, 564-566. 

Songyang Z, Carraway KL III, Eck MJ, Harrison SC, Feldman RA, Mohammadi M, Schles-singer J, Hubbard SR, Smith DP, Eng C, Lorenzo MJ, Ponder BAJ, Mayer BJ, Cantley LC (1995) Nature 373 536... 

Neurotensin (NT) is a tridecapeptide (Table 4.2) first isolated from brain and gut by Carraway and Leeman [75] and reported by them to induce a rapid and transient hypotension, a cutaneous vasodilatation, and a cyanosis of the extremities in the anaesthetized rat. This report, along with others [76-78] indicating that the NT-induced hypotension and increased vascular permeability could be blocked by histamine receptor antagonists such as mepy-ramine [77] or by pretreatment with compound 48/80 [76], suggested that endogenous histamine (perhaps released from tissue mast cells) was involved in producing some of the biological effects of NT [78]. 

I am grateful to my close and valued collaborator, Dr. Robert E. Carraway, of the Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, for his continued support and expertise. I would like to thank Dr. Susan Leeman, also of the Department of Physiology, for introducing me to neurotensin and for her continued interest, and Drs. June Aprille, Harry Bernheim, Philip Bibb and Ross Feldberg of the Department of Biology, Tufts University, for their helpful discussions and input. I also wish to acknowledge... 

E. R. Carraway, J. N. Demas, B. A. DeGraff, and J. R. Bacon, Photophysics and photochemistry of oxygen sensors based on luminescent transition-metal complexes, Ana/. Chem. 63, 337-342(1991). 

Guy, P. M., J. V. Platko, L. C. Cantley, R. A. Cerione, and K. L. Carraway. Insect cell-expressedpl80ErbB3 possesses an impaired tyrosine kinase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91 8132-8136.1994. 

Soltoff SP, Carraway KL, 3rd, Prigent SA et al. ErbB3 is involved in activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase by epidermal growth factor. Mo/ Cell Biol 1994 14 3550-3558. 

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