Carr medium

Carr medium includes a pH indicator to facilitate identification of acid-producing bacteria. Bromocresol green is an acid indicator that, when incorporated into the media, detects presence of acid (yellow) and neutral-alkaline conditions (blue-green). The modified Carr medium omits the the bromocresol green indicator (incorporating instead CaCOg at 20 g/L) and increases the yeast extract level to 3% (wt/vol). 

Acetobacter 3nd Gluconobacter C3.n be separated based on their relative abilities to oxidize ethanol. Over-oxidizers Acetobacter) convert ethanol to acetic acid and then to CO2 and H2O. Conversely, acetic acid is an end product for Gluconobacter. Two methods commonly used to differentiate these bacteria on this basis involve either the Carr medium or Frateur s... 

In many alkylations other side reactions can contribute to losses in yields of quaternary salts 90 and 92. Preferably, the quaternization is carr out in aprotic solvents because in protic solvents the heterocyclic base cl give rise to deprotonation of these salts (especially if Y = CH).58,59 Then, through substitution reactions the desired pseudoazulene products can produce substances with the quaternary salts that harden in the reaction medium (Eq. 1). 

It should be mentioned that water and 1-octanol are not completely immiscible. The solubility of water in 1-octanol is = 2.46 mol/L at 25 °C [=mole fraction x(H20) = 0.289], and that of 1-octanol in water is = 3.29 10 mol/L [=x( 1-octanol) = 9.32-10 " ] [148]. In the application of Aio/w values, it is tacitly assumed that the solvent properties of 1-octanol saturated with water are not different from those of neat 1-octanol. In practice, the presence of water in 1-octanol should increase the concentration of polar and H-bonding solutes and decrease the concentration of nonpolar solutes. However, solvatochromic studies by Carr et al. have shown that the water saturation of 1-octanol has only a very small effect on the properties of bulk 1-octanol. The water is almost completely associated with the hydroxy group of 1-octanol and scarcely affects the properties of this medium [148]. 

Based on these soil parameters and the experience of case-history studies, Carr et al. (1986) considered soil gas to be an appropriate sampling medium only in soils of low sorptive capacity (such as transported quartz sands) in dry locations. In addition, the soil... 

There is conflicting information about whether some forms of bound S02, in particular acetaldehyde-bound S02, are inhibitory to wine bacteria. Early work by Fornachon (1963) reported that both L. hilgardii and L. mesenter-oides were inhibited in a medium in which sulfurous acid and an excess of acetaldehyde had been added. The author determined that these bacteria could metabolize acetaldehyde-S02, an observation later confirmed for O. oeni (Osborne et al., 2000). Fornachon (1963) further noted that MLF could be prevented by the presence of bound S02 even when the amounts of free S02 are negligible, possibly because of any S02 liberated from the metabolism of the acetaldehyde-bound S02. Hood (1983) provided an alternative mechanism by suggesting that any effect of bound S02 may be due to small amounts of free (and, therefore, molecular) S02 in equilibrium with the bound form. However, these results are contrary to those of Carr et al. (1976) who reported that acetaldehyde-bound S02 had no influence on the... 

Beecher, E.D. Carr, M.E. Grille, J.G. Starch compounding on co-rotating twin screw extruder starch as an encapsulation medium for a controlled release application. SPE Antec Proceedings, Boston, MA, May 7-11,1995 2037-2041. 

Figure 3S The subdivision of subalkalic rocks using the KjO vs silica diagram. The diagram shows the subdivisions of Le Maitre et al. (1989) (broken lines with nomenclature in italics) and of Ricfcwood (1989) (nomenclature in parentheses). The shaded bands are the fields in which fall the boundary lines of Peccerillo and Taylor (1976), Ewart (1982), Innocenti et ai (1982), Carr (1985) and Middlemost (1985) as summarized by Rickwood (1989). The plotting parameters are as follows (SiC, K2O) Le Maitre et ai (1989) (broken lines) high-K/ medium-K boundary 48.0,1,2 68.0,3.1 medium-K/low-K boundary 48.0,0.3 68.0,1.2 vertical boundary at 48 % Si02-Rickwood (1989) band between shoshonidc series and high-K series 45.0,1.38 48.0,1.7 56,0,3.3 63.0,4.2 70.0,5.1 and 45.0,1.37 48,0,1.6 56.0,2.98 ...

As IT increasingly becomes the medium of business functionality, a reliance on secure and continued operations has redefined corporate risk (Loch Carr, 1992). In the new e-supply chain, information sharing and partner relationships... 

Acetic acid 1. Frateur s medium 1. RT-PCR Carr (1969), Priest (2006),... 

In the literatnre, increased viscosity in ciders and beers is attribnted to different lactic acid bacteria species, notably P. damnosus mAL. brevis—which are also fonnd in wine (Williamson, 1959 Beech and Carr, 1977). Luthi (1957) established that the symbiosis between lactic acid bacteria producing polysaccharides and acetic bacteria accelerates the increase in viscosity of the medium. 

Lomascolo, A., Lesage-Meessen, L., Labat, M., Navarro, D., Delattre, M., and Asther, M. (1999) Enhanced benzaldehyde formation by a monokaryotic strain of Pycnoporus cinnabarinus using a selective solid adsorbent in the culture medium. Carr J. Microbiol, 45,... 

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