Carduus acanthoides

To demonstrate the applicability of the mathematical approach we compare our model with population data taken from the literature for different invasive plants. Data from the native and exotic ranges of Echium plantagineum, Cytisus scoparius, and Carduus nutans [172, 344, 397,398,479] were used to establish that the model predicts their invasive behavior when the fecundity of these species in their exotic ranges is considered. Finally, the invasion rates recently found experimentally [221] for Carduus acanthoides are shown to fit closely the analytical predictions of the model. 

---