Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Acyl Halides and Anhydrides

The sections that follow will examine this and other carboxy substitutions in detail. Exercise 19-11 [Pg.851]

Write out the full mechanism for the acid-catalyzed reaction of methanol with acetic acid. [Pg.851]

In Summary Nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl group of carboxylic acid derivatives is a key step in substitution by addition-elimination. Either acid or base catalysis may be observed. For carboxylic acids, the process is complicated by the poor leaving group (hydroxide) and competitive deprotonation of the acid by the nucleophile, acting as a base. With less basic nucleophiles, addition can occur. [Pg.851]

CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES ACYL HALIDES AND ANHYDRIDES [Pg.851]

With this section, we begin a survey of the preparation of carboxylic acid derivatives. Replacement of the hydroxy group in RCOOH by halide gives rise to acyl halides substitution by alkanoate (RCOO ) furnishes carboxylic anhydrides. Both processes first require transformation of the hydroxy functionality into a better leaving group. [Pg.851]

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