Carboxylates Lewis base adducts

X0 compounds are supported on oxide surfaces, again vibrational (Raman in particular) and optical spectroscopies provided significant information for structural assignments. OH groups, oxide ions and oxo-species may thus be considered as intrinsic probes. The characterization of anion vacancies (Lewis acid sites) can be performed using probe molecules (CO, NH3, pyridine, etc.). The use of model molecular compounds has almost completely been confined to their application as reference compounds (alcohols, carbonates, bicarbonates, carbonyls, carboxylates, Lewis acid-base adducts, 0x0-compounds, etc.) for the interpretation of spectroscopic data. 

Carboxylic nitrile liquid and solid elastomers are used to prepare elastomer-modified epoxy liquid and solid resins when it is desirable to have the modifier in the epoxy portion of the system. This is effected through alkyl-hydroxy esterification reactions. This is covered in the literature for uncatalyzed liquid resins (9), for tert-amine catalyzed systems (10), for tert-phosphine catalyzed systems (11), for low molecular weight solid resins advanced from the liquid state (12) and for liquid and solid resins where an additional rubber vulcanization step is carried out in addition to the alkylhydroxy ester adducting step (13). Such adduct preparations offer formulation stability with a wide range of hardener types amines, anhydrides, catalytic, Lewis acids/bases. 

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