Carbonylative Coupling Reactions Synthesis of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

2 Carbonylative Coupling Reactions Synthesis of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 

perhaps the mildest way of forming a carbon-carbon bond (Chapter 2, Section 2.8). The synthesis was completed by selective reduction of the alkynes and disubstituted alkenes of Sonogashira product 4.61 using Wilkinson s catalyst, and deprotection. 

Unstrained heterocycles may also be carbonylated, although, owing to the absence of ring strain, which provides a powerful driving force, more vigorous conditions may be required. 

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