Nitrogen-carbon bonds elemental halogens

Organic compounds Substances whose molecules contain one or more carbon atoms covalently bonded with another element (including hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, the halogens as well as phosphorus, silicon and sulfur). 

Carbon can form covalent bonds with other elements including hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and the halogens. 

A second reason for the vast number of organic compounds is that carbon atoms can form stable bonds with other elements. Several families of organic compounds (alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and ethers) contain oxygen atoms bonded to carbon. Others contain nitrogen, sulfur, or halogens. The presence of these elements confers a wide variety of new chemical and physical properties on an organic compound. 

T n organizing the symposium upon v/hich this book is based, we brought together a diverse group of scientists whose common bond was an interest in radiochemistry, primarily with short-lived nuclides of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and the halogen elements. 

Halogen atoms that are involved in halogen-bonding formation can be bound to other halogens (elemental halogens and inter halo gens) or to carbon or nitrogen atoms. The electron-pair donors can be neutral (N, O. S, Se,...) or anionic (1, Br, Cl , F. ..) species. Interaction of these motifs results in a wide diversity of supramolecular synthons (Fig. 1). 

Hydrocarbon derivatives are compounds that can be synthesized from a hydrocarbon. These derivatives contain not only carbon and hydrogen, but such additional elements as oxygen, nitrogen, or a halogen. The compounds in each class have similarities in structure and properties. We will consider the classes of hydrocarbon derivatives shown in Table 19.4, which is divided into two sections of different color. The compounds in the first section don t contain a C O group in their molecules, while those in the second section all contain a C O group. A carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom is called a carbonyl g roup. 

Table 21.1 summarizes the covalent bonding properties of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and the halogens, the elements most frequently found in organic compounds. 

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