Carbon monoxide specific elements

But Erlenmeyer was not a supporter of constant atomicity. He cited the example of carbon monoxide, in which only two affinities of the carbon atom are engaged, and pointed out that the other affinities of that carbon atom are only capable of combining with those of certain kinds of atoms—chlorine or oxygen, for example, but not hydrogen. Hence, "From all that we know about the matter, the individual affinities of polyatomic [mehraffiner] bodies appear to play highly specific roles with respect to the quality of the elements, and it appears to be by no means indifferent to one and the same element whether it combines with this or that affinity of a polyatomic atom." ... 

Only a few enzymes are specifically secreted by organs into the blood stream. These are the enzymes of blood coagulation, cholinesterase, and amylase [21]. Serum, in the main, is a passive receptacle for enzymes derived from the tissue cells and the formed elements of blood. Normally, the level of enzymes in serum is both low and constant. Since most of the enzymes present are derived from cells, it follows that these enzymes must be able to pass through the limiting membrane of the parent cell. This outward passage is accomplished either by diffusion through pores or alternatively by the aid of an active transport system. Except in those cases where enzyme secretion is a physiological process, active transport is unlikely. The loss of enzymes from cells is accelerated by tissue injury, and also by metabolic inhibitors like 2,4-dinitrophenol, iodoacetate, and carbon monoxide [22]. The implication that the retention by the cell of a... 

Now let us consider a specific example, namely the C0-H2 02-N2-system. If we neglect NO-formation, the system consists of 13 different species (N2, CO, H2, O2, CO2, H2O, H, O, OH, H2O2, HO2, CH2O, CHO) involved in 67 elementary reactions [10]. Of course, there is no way to visualize a 13-dimensional space. Thus let us simply look at projections into the CO2-H2O and C02-OH-planes, respectively. In Fig. 1 sample trajectories for different initial values Wq (however, for the same element composition, enthalpy, and pressure) are plotted [18]. The trajectories start at the initial values and end at the equilibrium value, which is denoted by the large circle. These plots can reveal insight into the dynamics of the chemical reaction. In the case of the C02-H20- plane the first phase of the reaction corresponds to an increase of H2O whereas the amount of CO2 remains almost constant. This, e.g., means that the hydrogen is consumed prior to the carbon monoxide. It can be seen from Fig. 1 that the chemical kinetics... 

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