Carbon monoxide, energy diagram

Figure 2.14. The molecular orbitals of gas phase carbon monoxide, (a) Energy diagram indicating how the molecular orbitals arise from the combination of atomic orbitals of carbon (C) and oxygen (O). Conventional arrows are used to indicate the spin orientations of electrons in the occupied orbitals. Asterisks denote antibonding molecular orbitals, (b) Spatial distributions of key orbitals involved in the chemisorption of carbon monoxide. Barring indicates empty orbitals.5 (c) Electronic configurations of CO and NO in vacuum as compared to the density of states of a Pt(lll) cluster.11 Reprinted from ref. 11 with permission from Elsevier Science.

Figure A.16 Energy diagram for the adsorption of carbon monoxide on the (100) plane of rhodium (from de Koster et al. [21]).

Carbon Monoxide. There are close similarities between carbon monoxide and nitrogen. The molecules are isoelectronic, and the bond lengths and dissociation energies are quite comparable. The phase diagrams of the two compounds show the same trends in the moderate pressure range with a variety of phase transitions between essentially alike crystal structures [333], when allowance is made for the lack of the inversion center and the presence of a weak electric dipole moment in carbon monoxide. However, the behavior and stability at higher... 

A part of the energy-level diagram for carbon monoxide is shown in Figure VII-4. The energy levels have been obtained by analysis of the observed frequencies of the lines in the emission and absorption spectra of the molecule. 

Considering the molecular orbital diagram of carbon monoxide (Fig. 5.201 and the discussion concerning hybridization and energy (pages 225-227). predict which end of the carbon monoxide molecule will be the more basic (i.e., will donate electrons more readily and form the stronger, direct covalent bond)... 

Figure 1 Energy diagram illustrating how solid catalysts facilitate reactions by opening new mechanistic routes. This example corresponds to the oxidation of carbon monoxide, a conversion that can be accelerated by previous dissociation of the molecular oxygen on many transition metal surfaces...

Fig. 5.20 Energy level diagram for the molecular orbitals of carbon monoxide. Note that upon bond formation electrons occupy orbitals that are more oxygen-like than carbon-like. Note carefully the bond order The Icr and la MOs are essentially nonbonding. The bond order, as in the N2 molecule is three.

Standard aqueous electrode potentials for reactions involving carbon have been calculated from the free energy of formation of carbon-containing compounds at different pH and temperature[3-6]. These data, displayed as potential-pH equilibrium diagrams, determine the domains of relative predominance of carbon as such or under a dissolved carbon-containing species such as methanol, aldehyde, acetic acid, carbonate, bicarbonate, or gaseous species such as methane, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. 

Fig. 1. MNDO energy diagram for the reaction of carbon monoxide with hydroxide to form formate.

Fig. 7.6 An Ellingham diagram showing how the standard free energies of formation, AfG°, of several metal oxides and carbon monoxide (the red line) vary with temperature.

Figure 3. Schematic energy-level diagram for the interaction between Ni atoms and carbon monoxide (adapted from Salahub and Raatz ).

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