Carbon-Based Sensors

Carbon materials have been used widely in the development of sensors and actuators, particularly for electrical or electrochemical biosensors. These applications critically rely on the unique chemical and electrical properties of specific carbon materials [1,2]. It is quite common that similar carbon materials present drastically different properties in the literature. The goal of this chapter is to describe the atomic structures of each carbon material and correlate these structures with their properties so that discrepancies in the literature can be understood. Readers can then optimize the material properties for specific sensing applications by tuning carbon structures. This is particularly important for graphitic carbon materials, which present inherent highly anisotropic properties. 

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Diamondlike Carbon and Hard Carbon-Based Sensors Sensors that are based upon diamond technology include thermistors, pressure and flow sensors, radiation detectors, and surface acoustic wave devices [103]. The relative ease of depositing prepattemed, dielectrically isolated insulating and. semiconducting (boron-doped p type) diamond films has made polycrystalline diamond-based sensors low-cost alternatives to those based on conventional semiconductors. Diamondlike carbon and diamond films synthesized by chemical... 

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