Carbon atoms, inorganic substrates

Alkyl halides are often used as substrates instead of alcohols. In such cases, the sa/t of the inorganic acid is usually used and the mechanism is nucleophilic substitution at the carbon atom. An important example is the treatment of alkyl... 

Reactions of Carbon Atoms with Inorganic Substrates. 471... 

Alkyl halides are often used as substrates instead of alcohols. In such cases the salt of the inorganic acid is usually used and the mechanism is nucleophilic substitution at the carbon atom. An important example is the treatment of alkyl halides with silver nitrate to form alkyl nitrates. This is used as a test for alkyl halides. In some cases there is competition from the central atom. Thus nitrite ion is an ambident nucleophile that can give nitrites or nitro compounds (see 0-60).731 Dialkyl or aryl alkyl ethers can be cleaved with anhydrous sulfonic acids.732... 

The reactions of trimethyl(perfluoroalkyl)silanes RpTMS [Rp = CFj, CF2CF3, (CF2)2CFj] with a variety of fluorinatcd organic and inorganic substrates containing a S —O or C —O double bond have received attention. Perfluoroalkyl- and perfluoroarylsilancs can also be effectively used to directly replace active fluorine atoms bound to carbon by a variety of fluorinatcd moieties. 

The adsorption isotherm of organic solutions of stearic acid onto the calcite form of calcium carbonate has been determined by workers such as Suess [16]. This work has shown that mono-layer coverage is obtained when the area occupied per molecule is around 0.21 nm, which implies that orientation is in this case again perpendicular to the surface. It has also been calculated by Suess that this coverage level corresponds well with the density of calcium atoms in the surface of the inorganic substrate. Thus it is seen that fatty acids, like stearic acid, provide a very good match for the surface of calcite, thereby probably explaining the widespread use of such treatments with calcium carbonate fillers. 

Pratt has written a book on the inorganic aspects of vitamin B12 and several other reviews of the chemistry of B12 and B12 models have appeared. A common feature of all reactions catalysed by coenzyme Bi2 is the transfer of hydrogen between adjacent carbon atoms of the substrates. Abeles and co-workers have provided further evidence in favour of a... 

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