Carbohydrates Ruff degradation

Radicals from Carboxylic Acids. Carboxy radicals appear to be involved in three venerable reactions in preparative carbohydrate chemistry, the Ruff degradation, the Hunsdiecker reaction and the Kolbe electrolysis. 

Nature forms, stores, and uses chemical energy. Carbohydrates are the central chemical in this dance of life. Chemists manipulate saccharides many ways, as well. The Kdiani-Fischer synthesis lengthens a carbohydrate chain by one carbon atom. The Ruff degradation shortens the chain by one carbon. Both reactions occur without disturbing the remaining stereogenic carbons. 

Methods have been developed both to lengthen the carbon chain in a carbohydrate (Kiliani—Fischer synthesis) and to shorten it (Ruff degradation). 

For another reaction, i.e. Ruff s carbohydrate degradation [46], the origin of the true oxidant is also unclear. The reaction between a-oxyacids and H202 in the presence of trivalent ferric salts is presented by the following overall reaction ... 

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