Carbohydrates Polyhydroxyaldehydes hydrolysis

Carbohydrates Polyhydroxyaldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones or substances that yield these by hydrolysis. They are obtained from plants or animals. 

Much of the interest in acetal chemistry is related to carbohydrates, because polyhydroxyaldehydes exist predominantly as cyclic hemiacetalsJ Digoxin, for example, possesses acetal functions subject to hydrolysis. 

All carbohydrates are polyhydroxyaldehydes, polyhydroxyketones, or molecules that yield polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones on hydrolysis. Monosaccharides are the smallest carbohydrate molecules and include five- and six-carbon sugars, namely, pentoses and hexoses. Polysaccharides, such as starch and cellulose, lead to many monosaccharides upon hydrolysis. 

Carbohydrate (Section 22.1 A) A group of naturally occurring compounds that are usually defined as polyhydroxyaldehydes or polyhydroxyketones, or as substances that undergo hydrolysis to yield such compounds. In actuality, the aldehyde and ketone groups of carbohydrates are often present as hemiacetals and acetals. The name comes from the fact that many carbohydrates possess the empirical formula Cx(H20)y. 

At the molecular level, most carbohydrates are polyhydroxyaldehydes, polyhydroxy-ketones, or compounds that yield them after hydrolysis. Therefore, the chemistry of carbohydrates is essentially the chemistry of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups and of acetal bonds (Section 12.6A) formed between these two functional groups. 

Carbohydrate A polyhydroxyaldehyde or polyhydroxyk-etone or a substance that gives these compounds on hydrolysis. 

We can now define carbohydrates more precisely in terms of their organic structures. Carbohydrates are polyhydroxyaldehydes, polyhydroxyketones, or substances that give such compounds on hydrolysis. The chemistry of carbohydrates is mainly the combined chemistry of two functional groups the hydroxyl group and the carbonyl group. 

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