Carbohydrates enzymic methods

Tourn, M. L., Lombard, A., Belliardo, F., and Buffa, M. (1980). Quantitative analysis of carbohydrates and organic acids in honeydew, honey and royal jelly by enzymic methods. J. Apicult. Res. 19,144 146. 

Enzymic methods are usually very specific and sensitive. Unfortunately the only methods in the literature for carbohydrates are all for glucose. Hicks and Carey [163] reported such a method, with a fluorometric final measurement, which was down to 3 x 10 8 M. Andrews and Williams [ 164] used a preconcentration step, sorption onto charcoal, elution, and a final determination with glucose oxidase. 

Enzymic methods in preparative carbohydrate chemistry, 49, 175-237 Enzyme specificity, how Emil Fischer was led to the lock and key concept for, 50, 1-20... 

Ideally, molecules should be labelled by introducing a radioactive isotope in place of a normal atom, e.g. carbon-14 replacing a carbon-12 in a carbohydrate. This method of labelling involves the synthesis of the molecule either in vivo or in vitro and the use of enzymes often permits the isotope to be introduced in a particular position in the molecule. The position of the labelled atom should be indicated wherever possible as for example in glucose- 1-14C. 

S. David, C. Augd, and C. Gautheion, Enzymic methods in preparative carbohydrate chemistry, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem. 49 176 (1991). 

The successful conversion of D-glucose into D-fructose on the industrial scale with immobilized D-glucose isomerase was a brilliant demonstration of the value of this kind of approach. Then followed a huge technical literature on enzyme immobilization, reviewed in Ref. 9 (page 353). We shall here restrict ourselves to the methods which have been utilized in the syntheses outlined in Tables II to X. We suggest to readers interested in theses techniques that they first use these methods. If they prove unsatisfactory, as there is a plethora of alternatives, other techniques, described in Refs. 8-10, may be tried a majority of readily available carbohydrate enzymes have been immobilized, often in several different ways. 

The development of chemical, physical, and enzymic methods for investigating the primary structure of the carbohydrate fractions of glycoconjugates has, during the past ten years, allowed the determination of the structures of numerous glycans. In this regard, the combination of the techniques of permethylation and 360-MHz, proton-n.m.r. spectroscopy has afforded real progress in the rapid determination of the primary structures of oligosaccharide chains. 

Enzymic Methods for Determination of D-Glucose. Quantitative Determination of D-Glucose by Oxidation with D-Glucose Aerodehydrogenase, L. Hough and J. K. N. Jones, Methods Carbohydr. Chem., 1 (1962) 400-404. 

Enzymic Methods in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry. David, S, Augd, C Gautheron, C. Adv. Carbohydr Chem. Biochem. 1991, 49, 176. 

Polysaccharides. See also. Carbohydrates, Cellulose, Dextians. application of enzymic methods to the... 

J. J. Marshall, Application of enzymic methods to the structural analysis of polysaccharides Part I, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem., 30 (1977) 257—370. 

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