Carbohydrates compounds containing

A large number of important, naturally occurring, carbohydrate compounds contain nitrogen. These include nucleic acids, coenzymes, polysaccharides, some virus components, and some of the members of the vitamin B group. Furthermore, compounds made up by union of proteins with carbohydrates are of possible wide occurrence and major biological importance. 

Recently, Li et al. [30], Yu et al. [31] reinvestigated the mechanism of graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers onto carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose initiated by the Ce(IV) ion with some new results as mentioned in Section II. Furthermore, they investigated the mechanism of model graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers onto chitosan [51]. They chose the compounds containing adjacent hydroxyl-amine structures, such as D-glucosamine, /mn5-2-amino-cyclohexanol, 2-... 

Synthesis and Biological Activities of Compounds Containing Fluorinated Carbohydrates. 186... 

Mucoproteins (See Section V).—Protein-carbohydrate compounds with relatively high protein or peptide content, the chemical reactions of which are predominantly protein, are known as mucoproteins. In general they do not coagulate on being heated in aqueous solution. All mucoproteins contain a hexosamine constituent. 

The simplest carbohydrate, called a monosaccharide, is composed of a structure that cannot be hydrolyzed to simpler polyhydroxylic compounds. A disaccharide is a carbohydrate that contains two of these basic units, and a polysaccharide contains many polyhydroxylic monomers. 

Carbohydrates. These compounds contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The commonest carbohydrate is starch. Carbohydrates are a source of energy. 

Tungsten aryloxo complexes have been shown to catalyze the intramolecular metathesis reactions of di- and tri-substituted co-unsaturated glucose and glucosamine derivatives to yield bicyclic carbohydrate-based compounds containing 12- and 14-membered rings [108,214,215]. An example is shown in Eq. 37. The tolerance for amides and esters is noteworthy, as are the yields and the size of the rings that are formed. 

Closely related to the synthetic work reported in the previous section is the incorporation (131) of a 2,5-anhydro-3,4Hdi-0-methyl-D-mannitol residue (Figure 15) into the 18-crown-6 derivative d-91. Other derivatives of D-mannitol that have been built into crown ether receptors include l,4 3,6-dianhydro-D-maiuiitol (132), l,3 4,6-di-0-methylene-D-marmitol (13 134), and 1,3 4,6-di-O-benzylidene-D-mannitol (134). Examples of chiral crown compounds containing these residues include dd-92, dd-93, d-94, and d-95. Although not derived from carbohydrates—but rather (135) from the terpene, (-t-)-pulegone—... 

From among the variety of non-carbohydrate precursors, acetylenes and alkenes have found wide application as substrates for the synthesis of monosaccharides. Although introduction of more than three chiral centers having the desired, relative stereochemistry into acyclic compounds containing multiple bonds is usually difficult, the availability of such compounds, as well as the choice of methods accessible for their functionalization, make them convenient starting-substances for the synthesis. In this Section is given an outline of all of the synthetic methods that have been utilized for the conversion of acetylenic and olefinic precursors into carbohydrates. Only reactions leading from dialkenes to hexitols are omitted, as they have already been described in this Series.7... 

Together with the WIN-NMR software a comprehensive NMR data base is delivered. The data base contains the experimental NMR data of two peracetylated carbohydrate compounds obtained from a series of ID and 2D NMR experiments. 

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