Capital/capitalism

Figure 14.7 The capital/capital tradeoff for an appropriately "integrated distillation column. (From Smith and Linnhoff, Trans. IChemE, ChERD, 66 195, 1988 reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)...

Mfg cost (less depr and int) Capitalized fixed capital Capitalized total capital Operating income Interest on debt Depreciation (Tax basis) Net taxable income Federal income tax Investment tax credit Net income Cash flow... 

Working Capital (capital employed) is the money that has to be spent in order to start a new project or process, before any income from sales or product is received. This money is tied up, and therefore unavailable for other uses, in the form of current liabilities such as purchased raw materials and borrowings etc., less current assets such as unsold... 

CO Reasons for alliances Capital Capital and Marketing/distribution and... 

Financial needs Every business has financial needs. These needs vary with the type and individualistic nature of each business. A pharmacy located in an urban area will have different financial needs than one located in a rural area. The buyer must understand the needs of the business venture. These financial needs refer to capital. Capital is wealth, in the form of cash, equipment, property, or a combination of these factors, that can be used in the production or creation of income (Kelly, 1996). 

Carbon charge (tax) 0 Electricity S Nonfuel O M, %/yr of capital Fixed costs, %/yr of capital Capital charges ... 

Product or process Process remarks Find- of feted- Power factor (x) Typical capital capital for plaat- plant size, investment, investment capacity 1000 bW/day million per bbl / day ratio ... 

Capitalization. Capitals are not used to start units that are written out except at the beginning of a sentence. However, when die units are expressed as symbols, the first letter of the symbol is capitalized when the name of the unit was derived from the name of a person. For example, it is correct to write... 

The abolition of landed property in the Ricardian sense, that is, its conversion into State property so that rent is paid to the State instead of to the landlord, is the ideal, the heart s desire, which springs from the deepest inmost essence of capital. Capital cannot abolish landed property. But by converting it into rent which is paid to the State the capitalists as a class appropriate it and use it to defray their State expenses, thus appropriating in a roundabout way what cannot be retained directly. ... 

Corrosion lifetimes of capital assets deserve particular attention, as replacement lives of capital items are affected by corrosion. The items are replaced at a greater rate than the rate when corrosion is absent. Corrosion costs of this type were treated by B.C.L. in the I/O model by adjusting the replacement life of the corroded capital. Capital replacement is also necessary because of wear and obsolescence. 

Innovative business (venture capital) Capital, property (to a higher degree in the form of intellectual property)... 

GIF Goal no 7 Have a level of financial risk comparable to other energy projects means minimizing Capital-at-Risk (ie, investment before commercial operation) this rewards smaller units that require less capital. Capital investment costs should be seen in the context of the total social costs (= private -I- external costs ) and the nuclear sector should be compared to renewable and fossil energy sectors. 

---