Canopy architecture

Light use efficiency (the efficiency of light energy conversion) is usually expressed in models as the slope of regression of the gross amount of dry matter produced upon the cumulative amount of intercepted light. Light use efficiency depends on canopy architecture, the chemical nature of dry matter produced, and other factors. 

Total spray retention also depends very much on crop or plant canopy architecture and is not as easy to model. If flie canopy is even and homogenous then retention relationships can be derived and used in predictions, but in general it is difficult to estimate canopy retention with existing models [22,23,24]. The best model for retention [25] can... 

The data presented in Figs. 1 and 2 indicate that C assimilation by S. plumieri growing in an open, exposed habitat (leaf area index (LAI) of approximately 1) is limited by intercepted PAR. This is a consequence of both canopy architecture (leaf orientation and mutual shading) and leaf anatomy (Figs. 4 and 5) The reduced interception of radiation does not appear to be a water conservation mechanism as instantaneous values of WUE increase with PPFD (Fig. 6) and on a daily... 

Use Manufacture of lenses, ornaments, letters for signs, aircraft canopies and windows, light diffusers, industrial and architectural glazing, chalkboards, boat windshields, and similar products. 

These are the functions increasing with the height for the D-canopy and decreasing for the U-canopy. The last feature distinguishes both kinds of a canopy and also the uniform canopy consisting only of stems with the density distribution s(z) = const = 1.25 m2/m3 (column 6 in Table 3.2). Either or should be applied to characterizing such an architecture of the PR structure. They simulate the non-uniformity of the leaf area density in forest canopies (see Section 3.1.4). 

Despite such variations in the architecture of the canopies, their influence on the external flow can be thought to be not very different in all cases. All of the tree canopies produced external boundary layers with approximately the same depth, as can be seen in Fig. 3.33. 

We hope that this book will be useful to scientists and engineers entering the field of canopy dynamics, architecture, planning, engineering, agriculture and ecology. There has undoubtedly been real progress in research, but we hope this book will stimulate new discoveries and new applications. 

Acrylic (PMMA) Aircraft canopies Glass replacements Architectural, signage, skylites... 

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