Canonical spin glass

The canonical spin glass consists of a noble metal (Au, Ag, Cu, or Pt) diluted with a transition metal ion, such as Fe or Mn. The magnetic interaction in such systems is mediated by the conduction electrons, leading to an indirect exchange interaction—the RKKY (Ruderman and Kittel [70], Kasuya [71], and Yosida [72]) interaction, whose coupling constant J R) oscillates strongly with distance r between the spins as... 

The pure RKKY interaction is isotropic, and the canonical spin glass systems are therefore often referred to as Heisenberg spin glasses. However, some anisotropy is also present in those systems originating from dipolar interaction and interaction of the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya (DM) type [73]. The latter is due to spin-orbit scattering of the conduction electrons by non-magnetic impurities and reads... 

The susceptibility described above is also called the linear susceptibility because, in a Taylor expansion of M(H) about the applied field value, it is the coefficient of the term that is linear in H. In this way, higher order susceptibilities can be defined and measured. The higher order (non-linear) susceptibilities can provide information that is not contained in the linear term alone. This information has turned out to be vital in systems of interacting clusters or particles, such as ensembles of magnetic nanoparticles, canonical spin glasses and cluster spin glass systems (see below). 

Disordered systems can be broadly classified into spin glasses, dipolar glasses/pseudo-spin glasses, canonical glasses, conducting polymers (CPs),... 

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