Cancer risk assessment traditional

Traditional cancer risk assessment has taken a different approach. As a defanlt assumption, carcinogens have been considered to act withont a threshold of toxicity... 

Patients with cancer are at risk for life-threatening events from the malignancy itself or various treatments for their cancer. These events traditionally have been defined as oncologic emergencies. Although some of these conditions are not imminently life-threatening (e.g., chemotherapy extravasation), they do require rapid assessment and treatment. 

Breast cancer patients with the same stage of disease can have markedly different clinical outcomes. Traditional diagnostic and prognostic factors may stratify patients with molecularly distinct diseases into the same group based on morphological assessments. It remains a critical issue to reliably identify specific breast cancer patients at high risk for recurrent and metastatic disease. Molecular prediction is the future direction of personalized cancer care. 

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